While the risk of sudden death has for a long time been emphasised, more balanced perspectives on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are emerging. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterised by a thickening of the heart muscle in the ventricular wall, usually the left ventricle. The overall ventricle size often remains normal but the inside of the ventricle is generally smaller and holds less blood than a normal ventricle, impeding normal cardiac function. The American Heart Association...

Exercising in the heat presents unique challenges for athletes. When undertaking strenuous exercise in the heat, whether that be for training or competition, athletes must take precautions to maintain their performance and personal safety. The physiological response of the body to heat When you exercise strenuously in even moderate heat, your body’s core temperature rises. In response, your blood flow is rerouted so more of it goes to your skin surface to help your bod...

The diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation in athletes present unique challenges. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm. It happens when the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat out of sync with the lower chambers (the ventricles). This can cause a fast, fluttering or pounding heartbeat, and sometimes it leads to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue or chest pain. If left untreated, AF can increase the risk of stroke and heart ...

Moderate amounts of exercise are protective, but both too little exercise and too much exercise are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of sustained cardiac arrhythmia, characterised by an irregular and often rapid heart rate. While AF is generally associated with older adults and those with underlying cardiovascular conditions, evidence shows that athletes, particularly men engaged in long-term endurance sports, are also at...

To what extent do we tolerate natural biological variation in sports performance? World Athletics has taken a stance against female athletes with differences of sexual development (DSD athletes), also referred to as intersex athletes. World Athletics long-standing controversial battle with South African athlete, Caster Semenya, has been highly publicised. Refer to Heart Health for Athlete’s article: Caster Semeny vs World Athletics: A synopsis Genetically enhanced performance Researc...